Peruvian Journal of Agrarian Innovation - ISSN: 2810-8876 (Online)

Varietyeffect,pre-drying and method of fermentation in the percentage and time of fermentation of cocoa in La Convencion-Cusco

2022-01-12T21:55:14+00:00

Cocoa is the second economically important crop for the province of La Convencion after coffee, where two types of cocoa are produced, one that is native called “Chuncho”and of high organoleptic quality and the other commonly called “hybrids”with its largest representative CCN-51, its commercialization depends on the quality of the grain and in this regard there are still several aspects to be defined. With order to determine the effect of the cultivar, pre-drying and fermentation method on the physical and organoleptic quality, an experimental work was carried out in the town of Echarati, the results of which determine that the pre-drying decreases by up to two, the fermentation days to level In general and for the Chuncho cultivar it is three while for the CCN-51 cultivar it is four days having pre-drying and two more days, without pre-drying, considering that the optimal fermentation is 50 to 70%. The fermentation percentage and organoleptic quality are not affected by the box, bag and pile fermentation methods. The cultivar CCN-51, presented some basic defectsin the organoleptic quality, showing liquors with greater astringency and the fermentation with pre-drying presented greater intensity in the basic salty flavor.

Morphological characterization of six starchy corn varieties (Zea mays L.), evaluated at the Mantacra location, Pampas Huancavelica, Peru

2022-01-12T21:42:06+00:00

The information generated in morphological characterization studies is very useful, both for genetic improvement programs and for germplasm banks, guaranteeing the crop's preservation genetic diversity. In this sense, the aim of this study was to perform the morphological characterization of a starchy corn varieties group evaluated at the Mantacra location in the 2018 – 2019 crop season. In total, 20 plant and ear characters were used, including the yield components. Arandomized complete block design with three repetitions was used. The experimental plot was constituted by two rows of 4 m long, with spatial arrangements of 0.80 m between rows and 0.20 m between plants. Aunivariate statistical analysis was performed with each characters studied and a main components multivariate analysis, in order to facilitate the characterization of the genotypes considered in the study. The variance analysis results detected important statistical differences (p≤0.05; p <0.01) among the varieties for most characters studied, demonstrating the genetic diversity among the group of varieties. The main components analysis grouped the varieties into four different groups, according to the characters studied, where the improved variety presented the highest productivity levels. An orthogonal contrast between the improved varieties yield average and the local varieties yield average, determined the improved varieties superiority of the yield, demonstrating the genetic improvement importance in the new cultivars development.

Phenology of five forage species in the swamps of the upper basin of the Ichu and Pampas river

2022-01-12T21:57:47+00:00

The phenological study of forage species in the bofedales of the upper basin of the Ichu and Pampas river, allowed the phenological evaluation of the most dominant and abundant forage species of the Lachocc and Choclocoha bofedales, during the period from December 2017 to October 2018, in closings of 0.75 ha and 1ha respectively. Vegetation coverings were determined through the vegetation censuses, to determine the dominance of the species. The identification of ten plants of the 5 predominant species in both bofedales was carried out, evaluating every 15 days throughout their phenological cycle. The results indicate that Poa gymnantha, Poa perligulata, Calamagrostis rigescens, Calamagrostis vicunarum, Alchemilla diplophyllaand Alchemilla pinnatacomplete their phenological cycle at 226, 212, 218, 218, 170 and 167 days. While the phenology of Distichia muscoidesis directly related to the availability of humidity and the place where it develops. In addition, the phenology of most species coincides with the presence of rainy seasons beginning in December with greater notoriety, lasting until June and July.

Optimization model applicable to a second generation nectar type drink

2022-01-12T22:01:49+00:00

The optimization in the formulation of second generation nectar was performed using a linear programming program (WinQ5B), formulating the target function based on the target equation and its chemical composition (vitamin C, alpha carotene, proteins soluble, water and soluble solids) to formulate the restriction equations, second generation nectar is based on previous studies where fruit extracts such as carambola, yacon, maca, carrot and quinoa hydrolys are integrated. The application of the linear programming model (WinQ5B) resulted in the values of the following extracts on a basis of calculation 172, 22 kg: carambola extract 21.87 %, carrot extract 21.70% and protein hydrolysate of quinoa 56.43%, giving a nectar of with 3.8% soluble solids and 96.2% water. A360 ml bottle contains 502 mg of vitamin C, 322 mg of Alpha carotene and 4.48 g of peptides and amino acids.

Collection and evaluation by phenotypic markers of morphotypes of intermediate hosts resistant to infectious forms of Fasciola hepatica

2022-01-12T22:05:06+00:00

The objective was to carry out the collection and evaluation using phenotypic markers of morphotypes of intermediate hosts resistant to infective forms of Fasciola hepatica. For this, 08 herds were used in La Encañada and Baños del Inca, presenting multiple resistance to Triclabendazole 12%, Closantel 10%, being susceptible to Nitroxynil 34%, analyzed by FECRTtechnique. With respect to network and cercaria of intermediate Hospederos collected in these herds, 16.6% were found in Lymnaea viatrix(n = 60) and Lymnaea schirazensis1.66% (n = 40) in La Encañada; and in Baños del Inca affecting Lymnaea viatrix60% (n = 100). Intermediary F1 hosts were artificially infected (n = 100), obtained from ovigerous masses, reared in the laboratory; against miracidium obtained from eggs incubated in containers wrapped in aluminum foil for 45 days at 18 ° C hatching by exposure to light for 5 minutes; trimiracidial infection was performed in multiwell plate for 4 hours; 45 days post inoculation, an cercaria emergency was examined, sacrificing the morphotypes; finding resistant in L. viatrix3.75% and L. schirazensis1.25%. The analysis of variance showed that there are significant differences in shell length and opening, the resistant ones being longer and narrower than the susceptible ones; the pigmentation of the mantle was concentrated in resistant, against susceptible; the oviposition behavior of parents was observed in F1 showing resistance to miracidium morphotypes from eggs deposited on land against susceptible ones attached to the aquarium wall. This shows that intermediate hosts can be used as biological miracidium controllers.

Harvest humidity effect on the rice grain quality (Oryza Sativa L.)

2022-01-12T22:09:20+00:00

The rice grain quality is determined by events that occur in the field and agribusiness. From their development, until when they are processed, the rice grains are exposed to the action of both abiotic and biotic factors, which affect their quality and can cause accelerated deterioration, depending on the number and intensity with which they act. The grain humidity is the most important factor, which must be controlled before and after harvest, since it determines the quality of the grain. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the grain moisture effect on the milling quality of 8 rice genotypes evaluated in the 2010 rainy season, at the “La Nona” Farm, located in the Jobal en Medio homestead, Píritu Municipality, Portuguesa State. The results suggested that the harvest moisture affected all the milling variables evaluated. Apositive correlation was found between harvest moisture and the husk percentage, bran and whole grain yield and a negative correlation between harvest moisture and white mass yield, percentage of husked grain and the grain appearance. The best performance in whole grain yield was observed with 20% and 22% harvest humidities. The results indicated that the grain humidity for the reception in plant established by the national agribusiness guarantee to obtain the highest indexes in milling yield.

Effect of different doses of initial organic fertilization in the growth and development of Swietenia macrophylla King and Myroxylon balsamum (l.) Harms in the VRAEM, Peru

2022-01-12T22:14:42+00:00

The growth and development of Swietenia macrophyllaand Myroxylon balsamumat different doses of initial organic fertilization in the VRAEM, Cusco, were assessed. The statistical design was a RCBD with 4 repetitions and 10 treatments (T= 0 kg, T= 0 kg, T= 1231.5 kg, T= 1.5 kg, T= 3.0 kg, T= 3.0 kg, T= 4.5 kg, T= 4.5 kg, T= 6.0 kg y T= 6.0 kg). 4 5679 1011The seedlings were moved to the plot with an average height range of 20 to 30 cm. The results, at the moment of the assessment, did not show significant differences in height (m), diameter at ground level (cm) and dose of organic fertilizer in the two forest species. However, Tshowed the highest growth in height for S. macrophylla(2.1 m), compared with 7T(1.5 m) and T(1.3 m). In the case of M. balsamum, the greatest growth was obtained with 111T(1.0 m), and the lowest, with T(0.5 m). Regarding to survival percentage, the highest 102survival for S. macrophyllawas 97 %, with Tand T, and the lowest was 56 % with T. In the 3 57case of M. balsamum, the greatest survival was obtained with T(93 %), and the lowest survival (56 %) with T.

Micropropagation of Vaccinium corymbosum in Murashige and Skoog medium (1962), supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine

2022-01-12T22:19:56+00:00

Vaccinium corymbosum"cranberry" is a fruit that belongs to the family of Ericaceae that has a high nutritional and medicinal value. Plant biotechnology uses micropropagation as a tool that allows obtaining numerous seedlings in a smaller proportion of time, for this it is necessary to standardize the concentration of culture media and growth regulators. Given the need for greater knowledge in this area, it was proposed as a research objective to determine the optimal concentration of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) between Murashige and Skoog, 1962. The experimental phase was developed in the Biotechnology Laboratory of the Institute of Potato and Andean Crops of the National University of Trujillo. Where internodes from previously treated and conditioned mother plants were used, to be established in Murashige and Skoog culture medium with five BAPtreatments: T1 (0 ppm), T2 (8 ppm), T3 (10 ppm), T4 (12 ppm) and T5 (15 ppm).Acompletely randomized experimental design was used, applying ANOVAand Tukey. Significant differences were found between treatments, for the variables stem length (0.0403 <p) and number of leaves (0.0132 <p) in the in vitro establishment. It is concluded that the BAPat the concentration of 15 ppm is the most optimal for the in vitro micropropagation of V. corymbosum"cranberry".

Evaluation of seven varieties of alfalfa for the nutritional improvement of livestock in Ceja de Selva, Amazonas

2022-01-17T22:02:21+00:00

The objective was to evaluate seven varieties of alfalfa: Beacon, WL-625 HQ, WL-440, WL-330, WL-450, WL-350 and Rebound for the nutritional improvement of livestock in the Florida, Amazonas district. Plots of 6.5 m² were installed for each treatment under a Completely Randomized Block Design with subsampling; The evaluation was for ten cuts. Variables such as plant height (AP), Dry Matter (MS), Basal Diameter (DB), Green Forage (FV) and leaf / stem ratio were evaluated. An analysis of variance and Duncan's multiple comparisons test were performed to see the significant differences between treatments; In addition, the correlation coefficient that allowed measuring the degree of association of the variables AP, FVwith DB and FVwith MS was calculated using the Statistical Analysis System software. The results found show that the highest height was for the WL-625 HQ variety (53.43 ± 6 cm), higher PVproduction for the Beacon variety with 220 t / ha / year and the variety with the highest DM yield was WL- 440 with 56 t DM / ha / year. The basal diameter was different between varieties. The WL-450 variety showed the highest leaf / stem ratio (1.54 cm) with 58% of leaves and 42% of stems. The highest correlation for plant height was presented in the WL-625 HQ and Beacon varieties for all phenological periods. In conclusion, the varieties that represent an alternative for the nutritional improvement of livestock in Ceja de Selva are Beacon and WL-625 HQ.

Contributions of biotechnology to the improvement of corn

2022-01-17T22:12:09+00:00

There is a great potential for the application of biotechnology in corn, in view of the remarkable global advances in molecular genetics, genetic engineering and bioinformatics, in order to develop new varieties and hybrids resistant to biotic and abiotic stress conditions, and adapted to climate change. The increase in productivity, so essential to increase food security and economic growth, can be achieved through the use of sustainable strategies to minimize negative effects on the environment, based on biotechnological tools, as an alternative to alleviate poverty in a sustainable manner. Likewise, substantial improvements can be obtained such as crop biofortification, higher grain quality and final products with added value. Corn is a classic genetic model for research and its increased production is a challenge faced by developing countries whose population is constantly growing at an exponential rate, demanding adequate food supply. In recent years there have been notable advances in the knowledge of maize genome, leading to frequent advances and changes in its productive characteristics. This article reviews the biotechnological tools of agricultural interest that have been applied to corn crop.

Morphological characterization of five coffee varieties (Coffea arabica L.) and its resistance to rust (Hemileia vastatrix), in the Alto Huallaga Valley, Tingo María

2022-01-17T22:22:25+00:00

The objective was to morphologically characterize 13 qualitative characters of five coffee varieties of the Coffea arabicaL. species (Colombia, Catimor, Limani, Catuai and Caturra) and to evaluate their degree of resistance to yellow rust. The research was carried out at the EEASanta Ana Coffee Technological Innovation Pilot Center, Tingo María. The list of coffee descriptors from the International Resources Institute was used and the characters responsible for the greatest variability in the varieties were determined by means of multivariate analysis of grouping using NTSYS 2.0 software. Also, the incidence of rust (Hemileia vastatrix) in the five varieties was evaluated. Of the 13 qualitative characteristics evaluated in five varieties, nine characteristics were similar (branching habit: with many primary and secondary branches, insertion angle: semi erect, stipule shape: oval, leaf shape: lanceolate, apex shape: apiculada, petiole color: green, fruit shape: oblong, seed color: yellow and seed shape: obovate) and in the remaining four differences were observed (shape of plant, color of mature leaf, color of buds and color of fruit). Also, the caturra variety was shown to be the most susceptible to rust, while the Colombia, Catimor and Limani varieties were resistant to rust.

Impact of statistic on agricultural scientific research

2022-01-17T22:26:48+00:00

The role of statistics as a fundamental tool in scientific research has been a subject of study in different knowledge areas. On the other hand, the low scientific production in many countries is considered to be attributable to the fact that the technical teams responsible for the research projects know very little about applied statistics and database management. Therefore, the main objective of this work was to present some basic statistics aspects that determine both, its importance in the scientific research field and to help new researchers to give scientific relevance to research papers, so that these papers have the appropriate notoriety to be published in high impact journals worldwide. For the work development, much of the available information was consulted and analyzed, emphasizing the published works related to the importance of statistics in scientific research, in different knowledge areas. The World Bank database was consulted, considering the oldest and most recent year in which most countries reflected information on both, scientific production and research and technological development activities. An analysis on the importance of statistics in scientific research is performed, based on the revised information and we concluded that its importance is in the fact that it is considered a very useful tool in scientific work, intervening in all phases of the research, from the project formulation, to the final research work publication.